Kidney Stone

Kidney stones symptoms occur 12% men and 5% women by age 70, and is increasing. If travels down the ureter to the bladder is very painful: renal colic means writhing around from the pain flank to the inguinal region. Blood is usually seen in the urine. Some other symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, testicle or penis pain, trouble peeing, or urgency to urinate. Pain 20-60 minutes as the stone moves, so waxes and wanes. Can take a month before urinating out the stone. 80% stones are calcium based: calcium oxalate mostly and some are calcium phosphate. Other types of stones include uric acid, struvite (Mg ammonium phosphate), and cystine. Peeing out gravel like material usually uric acid. Risk factors: dehydration (including marathon runners), high blood calcium, high oxalate usually from low calcium diet or eating high oxalate, low citrate, high urine pH, high animal protein, high sodium, high sucrose, high vitamin C. Gout, diabetes, obesity, hyperparathyroidism. Male, White. Family history. Previous ureter stone. Frequent kidney infections. Hypertension.

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